Product Codes: 277405, 277406, 277407, 277408, 288405, 288406, 288407 and 288408.

Gastroenterology-Urology Devices

2

Yes

U.S. Nationwide.

Bard Fluoro-4 Silicone Ureteral Stent, Bard¿ Fluoro-4", Silicone Ureteral Coil Stent; Bard¿ Silicone Uretera l Coil Stent with Figure Four, End, Manufacturer: C.R. Bard, Inc., Covington, GA 30014.

Product Codes: 777400, 777600, 777700, 777800, 778400, 778600, 778700, 778800, 786400, 786600, 786700,786800, 787400, 787600, 787700, 787800, 788400, 788600, 788700 and 788800.

Gastroenterology-Urology Devices

2

Yes

U.S. Nationwide.

Bard Inlay Optima¿ Multi-Length Ureteral Stent Coated Double Pigtail Ureteral Stent with Stent and Multi- Length Ureteral Stent with Suture, Manufacturer: C.R. Bard, Inc., Covington, GA 30014.

Product Codes: 776400, 776600, 776700, and 776800.

Gastroenterology-Urology Devices

2

Yes

U.S. Nationwide.

BARD INLAY Ureteral Stent with Suture, Manufacturer: C.R. Bard, Inc., Covington, GA 30014.

Lot Numbers: REXE1224, REYD1858, REXE0422, REXE0501, REYD0765, REYE1330, REYE1453, REXE0428, REXE0469, 13GB3687, REXD1150, 13HB2925, REYD1851, REXD1127, REYD1730, REXE0436, REXD1121, REXE0504, REXD1122, REXD1480, REXE0488, REXD1105, REYE1981, REXD1100, REXD1512, REXE0416, REXE0423, REXD1424, REYD1853, REXE0442, REXD2228, REXE0506, REXE1249, REXE1244, 13GB5123, REXD2243, REXD2244, REXD2221, REXD1507, REXD1159, REXE0724, 13GB3809, 13GB9452, 13HB0439, REYE0422, REXE0432, REXE1238, REYD1734, REXD1437, REXE1227, REYE0567, REXE0443, REXE1228, REXD1426, REXE0502, REXE1248, REYD1746, REXD1499, REXD1489, REXE0414, REXD1134, 13SB2585, 13GB3742, 13HB0440, REYD1986, REYD0634, REXE0448, REXD1147, REYD0718, REXD2246, REXE1260, REYE0645, REXE0481, REXD1154, REYE1472, REXD1155, REXD2225, REXE1247, REXE1917, 13KB1321, REYD0709, REYD1414, REXD1442, REXE0430, REXE0484, REXD1140, REXE0580, REXD1449, REXE0699, 13GB4430, 13HB9983, 13GB4431, REYD1342, REXD1441, REXE0498, REXD1148, REXD1440, REXE0483, REXE1295, reyd0573, REXD2233, REYE1465, REXE0462, REYD0630, REYD1865, REYD1744, REXD1481, REXE0528, REXE0812, REXC1785, REYE1467, REYE0591, REYD1747, REXD1128, reyd0521, 13SB2581, 13GB3737, 13SB2582, 12GB0338A, 13SB2578, 13SB0587, REXE0444, REYE1349, REXE0452, REXE0427, REXE1240, 13GB5446, 13KB1324, 13GB6046, REYE0912, REYE0907, REXD1471, REXD1473, REXE0475, REXE0446, REXE1229, REXD1452, REYD1742, REXE1234, 13GB3736, REXD1509, 13GB3738, 13SB2579, 13GB3741, 13GB3744, REXE0323, REYF1101, REXE0464, REXD1478, REXE0445, REXE1221, REXE0447, REXD1153, REYE0440, REXE0465, REXE0489, REXE1257, REXD1139, REXD2237, REYE0566, REXE0503, REXD1418, REXD1158, REXD1496, REYD1346, REYD1419, REXD1466, REXE1243, REYD1743, REXC1788, REYE0443, REXD1143, REXD2241, REXD2240, REXE0479, REXE0480, REXE1252, REYE0589, REYD1745, REXD1156, REYD1869, REXD1492, REXD1132, REXD1485, REXE0421, 13HB3413, 13HB3992, 13FB1090, 13GB9453, 13GB3684, 13SB3169, 13GB3798, 13GB4432, 13GB3801, 13GB4429, REYE0782, REXE0435, REXE1232, REXD1125, REXE1169, REXE0545, REXE1311, REYD1840, REYE0553, REXE0470, REYE0554, REXD2223, REXE0482, REXD1505, REXD1470, REXE0458, REXE0543, REXD1497, REXC1861, REXE0524, REXE0525, REXE1291, REYE1312, REYE1435, REXE0438, REXE0473, REXE0544, REXD1417, REYD1400, REXD1490, REYE0919, REYE1314, REYE0778, REXD2234, REXE0449, REXE0450, REXE0451, REXD2235, REXE0536, REYE0776, REXD1486, REXE0431, REXE0472, REXE0471, REXE0546, REXE1219, REYD0750, REYD1721, REYE0556, REXD1502, REXD2222, REXE0499, REXE1226, REYE0916, REYE0915, REYE1318, REXD2238, REXD2239, REXE0493, REXE0494, REXE0492, REXE0491, REXE0813, REXE0540, REXE0490, REXE1268, REXD1464, REXD1463, REYD1846, REYE1442, REXE0329, REXE1231, REXE0728, REXE0460, REYE0913, REXE0420, REXE0522, REXE1298, REYE0771, REXD1484, REXE0453, REXE0533, REXE1299, REYE0910, REYE1970, REXD1453, REXD2245, REXE0500, REXE1261, REXD1119, REXD1501, REXE0413, REYE0909, REYE0768, REXD1488, REXE0326, REXE0415, REXE0527, REXE1434, REXD0772, REXE0425, REXE0495, REXE1264, REXD1112, REXE0060, 13HB6959, 13KB1325, 13SB2586, 13KB0543, 13FB1089, 13RB1247, 13GB3683, 13GB3799, 13KB1326, 13SB2584, 13GB3739, 13KB0542, 13GB3740, 13GB3802, 13KB0545, 13GB3804, 13GB0155, 13HB0438, 13FB2112, 13FB8861, 13GB3743, 13GB3808, 13SB0588, 13IB3041, 13GB3685, 13GB3686, 13FB8863, 13GB3806, 13GB3797, 13GB8905, 13HB0436, 13GB3794, 13GB3795, 13GB3735, 13GB3796, 13GB8906, 13GB4481, REXD2198, REXD2199, REYE1980, REXD2218, REXD2216, REXD2220, REXD2219, REYD1982, REYE1979, REYE1978, 13GB8904, 13SB0036, 13SB0585, REYD1407, REYE0439, REXE0017, REXD1465, 13SB2580, REXD1104, REYE1803. Product Codes: 4153108 4153108D, 4154108D, CK000119A, 7927508D, CK000050A, 3175108, 3175108D, 3153108, 3154108, 3255108, CK000108, CK000109, CK000110, 7617407, 7617408, 7617408D, 3275108, 3275108D, 3275108FD, CK000036, CK000057, CK000099, CK000111, CK000206, 3386108, 3385108Q, 3385108QD, 3386108D, 9385108Q, 9385108QD, CK000145A, CK000207, CK000293, 9617407, 9617408, 9827507, 9827508, 9617408d, 9827508d, CK000235, 9153108, 9154108, 9254108, 9255108, CK000150, CK000294, 9175108, 9275108, 9276108, 9175108d, 9275108d, 9275108F, 9386108d, 9386108QD, CK000021, CK000082, CK000134, CK000216, CK000218, 9818508, 9818508d, 9918508D, CK000204, CK000205, 3174108, 9174108, 3174108D, 9174108d, CK000080, CK000098, CK000143, CK000165A, CK000178, CK000214, CK000269, CK000335, 3194108, 3295108, 3396108, 9194108, 9295108, 3295108d, 3295108F, 3395108Q, 3395108QD, 3396108D, 9194108D, 9295108d, 9295108f, 9295108FD, 9395108Q, 9395108QD, CK000044, CK000061, CK000071A, CK000097, CK000137, CK000138, CK000201, CK000253, CK000245, 1174108, 1175108, 1194108, 1275108, 1295108, 1386108, 9396108, 1174108D, 1175108D, 1194108D, 1275108D, 1275108f, 1275108fd, 1295108D, 1295108f, 1295108fd, 1385108D, 1385108Q, 1385108QD, 1386108D, 1395108Q, 1395108QD, 1396108D, CK0000103, CK000025, CK000026A, CK000127, CK000128, CK000129, CK000142, CK000155, CK000169A, CK000184, CK000186, CK000187A, CK000188A, CK000191, CK000192, CK000194, CK000220, CK000221, CK000222, CK000228A, CK000231, CK000232, CK000233, CK000241, CK000242, CK000252, CK000266, CK000267, CK000268, CK000283, CK000287, CK000291, CK000295, CK000296, CK000297, 3173108, 9173108, 3274108D, 9274108D, CK000215

General Hospital and Personal Use Devices

2

Yes

US Nationwide Distribution.

BD Posiflush Saline Flush Syringe 10 ml inlcuded in the following device kits: Bard Poly Midline 3F Full Tray (Single-Lumen) (with Microintroducer), Bard Poly Midline 3F Maximal Barrier Tray (Single-Lumen), Bard Poly Midline 4F Maximal Barrier Tray (Single-Lumen) (with Microintroducer), Bard Poly Midline BARD MYPICC KIT (4F) (Single Lumen), Groshong NXT Catheter 5F Maximal Barrier Tray (Dual-Lumen) (with MicroIntroducer) , Groshong NXT BARD MYPICC KIT (5F) (Dual-Lumen) (45cm), PowerPICC Catheter 5F Full Tray (Single-Lumen), PowerPICC Catheter 5F Maximal Barrier Tray (Single-Lumen), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter 3F Single-Lumen Full Tray (with Microintroducer), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter 4F Single-Lumen Full Tray (with Mircrointroducer), Poly Per-Q-Cath 5F Dual-Lumen Full Tray (with Microintroducer), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter 3F Full Tray (Single-Lumen) (with Microintroducer) (60cm), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter 4F Full Tray (Single-Lumen) (with Microintroducer) (60cm), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter 5F Full Tray (Dual-Lumen) (with Microintroducer) (60cm), Groshong NXT ClearVue 4F Catheter Full Tray (Single-Lumen) (60cm), Groshong NXT ClearVue 4F Catheter Full Tray (Single-Lumen) (60cm) (with Microintroducer), Groshong NXT ClearVue Catheter 4F Maximal Barrier Tray (Single-Lumen), PowerPICC 5F Dual-Lumen Polyurethane Catheter with MicroEZ Microintroducer Nurse Full Tray (with Lidocaine), PowerPICC Catheter 5F Maximal Barrier Tray with Microintroducer (Dual-Lumen), PowerPICC FT Catheter 5F Maximal Barrier Tray Tray (Dual-Lumen), PowerPICC Bard MYPICC Kit 5F (Dual-Lumen)(with Nitinol Guidewire)(70cm), PowerPICC Catheter 5F Maximal Barrier Tray (Dual-Lumen) (55cm) (with Microintroducer), PowerPICC Catheter 5F Full Tray (Dual-Lumen) (70cm Nitinol Guidewire) (with Microintroducer), PowerPICC Bard MYPICC Kit 5F (Dual-Lumen) RN, PowerPICC BARD MYPICC KIT (5F) (Dual-Lumen), PowerPICC Catheter 6F Full Tray (Triple-Lumen)(with Microintroducer) (with Lidocaine), PowerPICC HF Catheter 5F Full Tray (Triple-Lumen), PowerPICC HF Catheter 5F Maximal Barrier Tray (Triple-Lumen), PowerPICC Catheter 6F (Triple-Lumen) Maximal Barrier Tray, PowerPICC SOLO HF Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 5F Full Tray (Triple-Lumen), PowerPICC HF Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 5F Maximal Barrier Tray (Triple-Lumen), PowerPICC HF Bard MYPICC Kit 5F (Triple-Lumen), PowerPICC HF BARD MYPICC KIT (5F) (Triple-Lumen), PowerPICC HF Catheter Maximal Barrier Tray (5F) (Triple-Lumen) (55cm), Groshong NXT ClearVue Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 4F Full Tray (Single-Lumen), Groshong NXT ClearVue Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 4F Full Tray (Single-Lumen) (with Microintroducer), Groshong NXT Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 5F Full Tray (Dual-Lumen) (45cm), Groshong NXT Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 5F Full Tray (Dual-Lumen) (45cm) (with Microintroducer), Groshong NXT ClearVue Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 4F Maximal Barrier Tray (Single-Lumen), Groshong NXT Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 5F Maximal Barrier Tray (Dual-Lumen) (45cm), Groshong NXT Sherlock II BARD MYPICC KIT (4F) (Single-Lumen) (TLS), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 3F Full Tray (with Microintroducer), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 4F Full Tray (with Microintroducer), Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 4F Full Tray, Poly Per-Q-Cath Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 5F Full Tray, Poly Per-Q-Cath Sherlock II Bard MYPICC KIT (4F) (Sinlge-Lumen) (TLS), Poly Per-Q-Cath Sherlock II BARD MYPICC KIT (4F) (Single-Lumen) (TLS), PowerPICC Catheter with Sherlock Tip Location System (TLS) Stylet 5F Full Tray (Single-Lumen) (with Microintroducer), PowerPICC 5F Dual-Lumen Polyurethane Catheter with Sherlock Tip L

Lot Numbers: REYE1714, REYE1713, REXD1617, REXE0089, REXE0077, REYE1233, REXE0085, REXE0971, REYE1709, REYE1579, REXD2157, REYE1269, REXD1932, REXE0826, REXE0086, REXD2155, REXD2156, REXE0697. Product codes: 2651910, 2652010, 2652015, 2652034, 2652210, 2652234, 2671910, 2671934, 2672010, 2672034.

General Hospital and Personal Use Devices

2

Yes

US Nationwide Distribution.

BD Posiflush Saline Flush Syringe 10 ml inlcuded in the following device kits: PowerLoc Port Access Kit 19G x 1 in, PowerLoc Port Access Kit 20G x 1 in, , , PowerLoc Port Access Kit 20G x 1.5in, PowerLoc Port Access Kit 20G x 0.75in, , , PowerLoc Port Access Kit 22G x 1 in, PowerLoc Port Access Kit 22G x 0.75in, , PowerLoc Port Access Kit 19G x 1 in with Y-Site, , , PowerLoc Port Access Kit 19G x 0.75in with Y-Site, PowerLoc Port Access Kit 20G x 1 in with Y-Site, PowerLoc Port Access Kit 20G x 0.75in with Y-Site || The syringe is used to pre-flush the catheter prior to placement and may also be used to verify patency post-placement.

Product Code:1251CSR, BrachySource¿ Seed Implants in Re-Usable Mick¿ Applicators (60 seeds at 0.28mCi) with Lot BBCP0079  Product Code: 1251CSRA, BrachySource¿ Seed Implants in Shielded Mick¿ Applicators (10 seeds at 0.28mCi) with Lot BBCQ0026  Product Code: PS1251LS, Loose BrachySource¿ Seed Implants (with Lot BBCQ0050) Spacers (with Lot 23498276) 100 Seeds at 0.36 mCi.

Radiology Devices

2

Yes

US Distribution to the states of : California and Georgia

BARD¿ BrachySource¿ Iodine125 radioactive seeds consist of a welded titanium capsule containing the I125 absorbed onto a nickel / copper-coated, gold-cored aluminum wire (reference Figure 1 below). The I125 has a half-life of 59.6 days and decays by electron capture with the emission of characteristic photons and Auger electrons. The principal photon emissions are 27.4 and 31 keV x-rays and 35.5 keV gamma. The titanium wall of the BrachySource¿ Seed Implants absorbs the electrons.

Yes

Non-active implants

Yes

Non-active implants

Lot : HUUF0412.

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide distribution

BARD¿ Mesh Pre-shaped (1.8" x 4.0"/4.5cm x 10cm) || Product code: 0112700 || Intended use: Bard Pre-shaped mesh is a pre-shaped mesh constructed of knitted polypropylene monofilaments. It is indicated for the repair of inguinal hernia defects

Lot# HUYD0176

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

US Distribution including the states of CA, NM, OH, DE, MN, UT, MD and MO.

Bard¿ PerFix Light Plug || The Bard¿ PerFix Light Plug is indicated for reinforcement if soft tissue, where weakness exists, in procedures involving soft tissue repair, such as groin hernia defects.

Lot# HUUF0530

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution

Bard¿ Soft Mesh 4"x6" (10cm x 15cm) Flat, Product Code: 0117010. || The Bard¿ Soft Mesh patch is a non-absorbable, sterile prosthesis. It has a large pore design and is constructed of knitted polypropylene monofilaments. The device classification name is "Mesh, Surgical, Polymeric".

Lot number HUTL1283

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution - USA including AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, MI, MO, MT, NC, NJ, NV, NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, and WV.

Bard¿Ventralex" Hernia Patch Medium Circle with Strap Diameter 6.4cm /2.5",\ || Catalog #0010302, || lot number HUTL1283. || The Bard¿Ventralex" Hernia Patch is a self-expanding, non-absorbable, sterile prosthesis. The device classification name is "Mesh, Surgical, Polymeric". It is intended for use in all forms of hernia repair requiring reinforcement with a non-absorbable support material

Lot number: HUVD1253.

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution

Bard¿ Ventralex" ST Medium Circle with Strap Hernia Patch Diameter 6.4cm /2.5", Catalog Number: 5950008. || Intended for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue, where weakness exists, in procedures involving soft tissue repair, including repair hernias and deficiencies caused by trocars.

Lot # HUWE1780

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution.

Bard Ventralight ST Mesh. - Ellipse 7" x 9" (17.8 cm x 22.9 cm) || Product Code 5954790. || The Bard Ventralight ST Mesh is a dual-component (absorbable and nonabsorbable) sterile prosthesis. The device classification name is "Mesh, Surgical, Polymeric." It is in tented for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue deficiencies, such as for the repair of hernias.

Lot # HUWE1779

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution.

Bard Ventralight ST Mesh. - Ellipse 8" x 10" (20.3 cm x 25.4 cm) || Product Code 5954810. || The Bard Ventralight ST Mesh is a dual-component (absorbable and nonabsorbable) sterile prosthesis. The device classification name is "Mesh, Surgical, Polymeric." It is in tented for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue deficiencies, such as for the repair of hernias.

Yes

Implant

Lot Number: HUTL1369

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution

BARD¿ Ventrio¿ Small Oval Hernia Patch 3.1" x 4.7" || Product Code: 0010211 || Indicated for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue deficiencies such as for the repair of hernias.

Lot Number: HUUH1088

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution

BARD¿ Ventrio¿ Small Circle Hernia Patch 3.0" || Product Code: 0010213 || Indicated for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue deficiencies such as for the repair of hernias.

Lot Number: HUUG1825

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution

BARD¿ Ventrio¿ Large Oval Hernia Patch 5.4" x 7.0" || Product Code: 0010212 || Indicated for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue deficiencies such as for the repair of hernias.

REUB0972, REUC0358, REUD0029, REUD0942, REVD0073.

Gastroenterology-Urology Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide distribution.

Bard Aspira Valve Assembly/Repair Kit, Product Code 4991506. || The Aspira Peritoneal Drainage system is indicated for intermittent drainage of recurrent and symptomatic malignant ascites. The catheter is intended for long-term access of the peritoneal cavity in order to relieve symptoms such as dyspnea or other symptoms associated with malignant ascites.

REUB0099, REUC0051, REUD1012, REUI0191, REUI1181, REUK0310, REVA0246, REVB0890.

Gastroenterology-Urology Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide distribution.

Bard Aspira Luer Adapter, Product Code 4991505. || The Aspira Peritoneal Drainage system is indicated for intermittent drainage of recurrent and symptomatic malignant ascites. The catheter is intended for long-term access of the peritoneal cavity in order to relieve symptoms such as dyspnea or other symptoms associated with malignant ascites.

REUB0097, REUC0050, REUC0344, REUD0610, REUF0562, REUF0720, REUG1336, REUG1398, REUH1217, REUI0188, REUI0189, REUI1235, REUJ0357, REUJ0828, REUJ 0949, REUJ1275, REUK0657, REUK1351, REUL0589, REVA0241, REVA0884, REVB0093, REVB0619, REVC0073, REVC0419.

Gastroenterology-Urology Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide distribution.

Bard Aspira Dressing Kit, Product Code 4991503. || The Aspira Peritoneal Drainage system is indicated for intermittent drainage of recurrent and symptomatic malignant ascites. The catheter is intended for long-term access of the peritoneal cavity in order to relieve symptoms such as dyspnea or other symptoms associated with malignant ascites.

The brochures were purchased from the vendor on 04/14/2015, Code S120667R0

General Hospital and Personal Use Devices

2

Yes

Distributed to domestic and foreign conference attendees.

Marketing brochures for the PowerPICC and PowerPICC SOLO catheters

PC 863017D; Lot: HUWL0010

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution including AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, HI, IA, IL, IN, KY, KS, LA, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TX, VA, WA, WV and WY.

BARD Biopsy Systems (A Business Unit of Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.), UltraClip¿ Dual Trigger Breast Tissue Marker 17g X 10cm needle, Ultrasound Enhanced Ribbon Marker 5 Pack, Sterile, Single Use, Non-pyrogenic, Rx only; Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., 1625 West 3rd Street, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. PK4313800 Rev. 1 01/11 || The UltraClip Dual Trigger breast tissue marker is a sterile, single use device comprised of a disposable introducer, and a metal implantable tissue marker with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

PC 864017D; Lots: HUWK1296, HUWK1297

General and Plastic Surgery Devices

2

Yes

Nationwide Distribution including AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, HI, IA, IL, IN, KY, KS, LA, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TX, VA, WA, WV and WY.

BARD Biopsy Systems (A Business Unit of Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.), UltraClip¿ Dual Trigger Breast Tissue Marker 17g X 10cm needle, Ultrasound Enhanced Coil Marker 5 Pack; Sterilize, Non-pyrogenic, Rx only, Single Use; Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., 1625 West 3rd Street, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. || PK4320100 Rev. 0 03/10 || The UltraClip Dual Trigger breast tissue marker is a sterile, single use device comprised of a disposable introducer, and a metal implantable tissue marker with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).